Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference - shell
Shell
shell
n. & v. --n. 1 a the hard outer case of many marine molluscs (cockle shell). b the esp. hard but fragile outer covering of a bird's, reptile's, etc. egg. c the usu. hard outer case of a nut-kernel, seed, etc. d the carapace of a tortoise, turtle, etc. e the wing-case or pupa-case of many insects etc. 2 a an explosive projectile or bomb for use in a big gun or mortar. b a hollow metal or paper case used as a container for fireworks, explosives, cartridges, etc. c US a cartridge. 3 a mere semblance or outer form without substance. 4 any of several things resembling a shell in being an outer case, esp.: a a light racing-boat. b a hollow pastry case. c the metal framework of a vehicle body etc. d the walls of an unfinished or gutted building, ship, etc. e an inner or roughly-made coffin. f a building shaped like a conch. g the handguard of a sword. 5 a group of electrons with almost equal energy in an atom. --v. 1 tr. remove the shell or pod from. 2 tr. bombard (a town, troops, etc.) with shells. 3 tr. provide or cover with a shell or shells. 4 intr. (usu. foll. by off) (of metal etc.) come off in scales. 5 intr. (of a seed etc.) be released from a shell. Phrases and idioms come out of one's shell cease to be shy; become communicative. shell-bit a gouge-shaped boring bit. shell company an unimportant firm made the subject of a take-over bid because of its status on the Stock Exchange etc. shell egg an egg still in its shell, not dried etc. shell-heap (or -mound) hist. a kitchen midden. shell-jacket an army officer's tight-fitting undress jacket reaching to the waist. shell-lime fine quality lime produced by burning sea shells. shell-money shells used as a medium of exchange, e.g. wampum. shell out (also absol.) colloq. 1 pay (money). 2 hand over (a required sum). shell-out n. 1 the act of shelling out. 2 a game of snooker etc. played by three or more people. shell-pink a delicate pale pink. shell-shock a nervous breakdown resulting from exposure to battle. shell-shocked suffering from shell-shock. shell-work ornamentation consisting of shells cemented on to wood etc. Derivatives shelled adj. shell-less adj. shell-like adj. shellproof adj. (in sense 2a of n.). shelly adj. Etymology: OE sc(i)ell f. Gmc: cf. SCALE(1)
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1.
I. noun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English sciell; akin to Old English scealu ~, Old Norse skel, Lithuanian skelti to split, Greek skallein to hoe Date: before 12th century 1. a hard rigid usually largely calcareous covering or support of an animal, the hard or tough often thin outer covering of an egg (as of a bird or reptile), the covering or outside part of a fruit or seed especially when hard or fibrous, ~ material (as of mollusks or turtles) or their substance, something that resembles a ~: as, a framework or exterior structure, b. an external case or outside covering , a thin usually spherical layer or surface enclosing a space or surrounding an object , a casing without substance , an edible crust for holding a filling , band ~, a small beer glass, an unlined article of outerwear, a ~-bearing mollusk, an impersonal attitude or manner that conceals the presence or absence of feeling , a narrow light racing boat propelled by one or more persons pulling oars or sculls, any of the regions occupied by the orbits of a group of electrons of approximately equal energy surrounding the nucleus of an atom, 9. a projectile for cannon containing an explosive bursting charge, a metal or paper case which holds the charge of powder and shot or bullet used with breech-loading small arms, a plain usually sleeveless blouse or sweater, a company or corporation that exists without assets or independent operations as a legal entity through which another company or corporation can conduct various dealings, ~ adjective II. verb Date: 1562 transitive verb 1. to take out of a natural enclosing cover (as a ~, husk, pod, or capsule) , to separate the kernels of (as an ear of Indian corn, wheat, or oats) from the cob, ear, or husk, to throw ~s at, upon, or into ; bombard, to score heavily against (as an opposing pitcher in baseball), intransitive verb to fall or scale off in thin pieces, to cast the ~ or exterior covering ; fall out of the pod or husk , to gather ~s (as from a beach) ; collect ~s ...Толковый словарь английского языка
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